python实践winrm，实现远程连接调度Windows服务器

前言

最近有个需求：用自己主机控制多个windows节点，实时获取他们的cpu和运存占用情况，通过查询，决定采用python中的winrm。
Tip:winrm服务是windows 一种方便远程管理的服务；开启winrm service,便于在日常工作中，远程管理服务器，或通过脚本，同时管理多台服务器，来提高工作效率。

常规做法

配置远程主机,使其支持被远程控制

• 查看winrm service listener（分为http和https）:

  winrm e winrm/config/listener

如果没有返回，则没有开启winrm服务。

• 开启winrm服务：

  winrm quickconfig

• 为winrm service 配置auth:

  winrm set winrm/config/service/auth @{Basic="true"}

• 为winrm service 配置加密方式为允许非加密：

  winrm set winrm/config/service @{AllowUnencrypted="true"}

• 查看winrm服务的配置：

  winrm get winrm/config

客户端主机

• 装winrm

  pip install pywinrm

• 测试

  import winrm
  wintest = winrm.Session('http://47.98.149.160:5985/wsman',auth=('Administrator','Jwy12345a'))
  ret = wintest.run_cmd('ipconfig')
  print(ret)

遇到的问题及解决措施

• 在测试环节，导入winrm包后，控制台显示：winrm has no attribute session
  解决办法：pip导错了包，应该是pywinrm这个包，将pip原来的包删除，重新导入一遍。

• pycharm问题：module ‘pip’ has no attribute ‘main’
  解决办法：pip升级导致无法导包

• 测试的时候，报出以下错误：

  requests.exceptions.ConnectTimeout: HTTPConnectionPool(host='47.98.149.160', port=5985): Max retries exceeded with url: /wsman (Caused by ConnectTimeoutError(<urllib3.connection.HTTPConnection object at 0x104921650>, 'Connection to 47.98.149.160 timed out. (connect timeout=30)'))

  解决办法：由于云服务器有公网ip地址，所以本机可以ping通服务器，但是由于本机不存在公网地址，是局域网地址，所以服务器不能ping通主机，导致二者不能正常通信，只能换一种方法，也就是在云服务器端运行程序，程序提供了当前cpu运行情况和运存情况，本机可以随时访问并得到信息。

  import time
  
  import psutil  # cd C:\Python36-32\Scripts  pip install psutil
  
  # 获取本机磁盘使用率和剩余空间G信息
  import pymysql
  
  conn = pymysql.connect(user="root", passwd="No.93329332", host="134.175.5.88", port=3306, db="node_status")
  cur = conn.cursor()
  flag = 0
  while(True):
      # 循环磁盘分区
      content = ""
      for disk in psutil.disk_partitions():
          # 读写方式 光盘 or 有效磁盘类型
          if 'cdrom' in disk.opts or disk.fstype == '':
              continue
          disk_name_arr = disk.device.split(':')
          disk_name = disk_name_arr[0]
          disk_info = psutil.disk_usage(disk.device)
          # 磁盘剩余空间，单位G
          free_disk_size = disk_info.free // 1024 // 1024 // 1024
          # 当前磁盘使用率和剩余空间G信息
          if (disk_name == 'C'):
              disk_c_name = disk_name
              disk_c_info = disk_info
              free_c_disk_size = free_disk_size
              info = "%s盘使用率：%s%%， 剩余空间：%iG" % (disk_c_name, str(disk_c_info.percent), free_c_disk_size)
          # print(info)
          # print(disk_name)
          if (disk_name == 'C'):
              # 拼接多个磁盘的信息
              content = content + info
              print(content)
      # return content
      # cpu信息
      cpu_percent = psutil.cpu_percent(interval=1)
      cpu_info = "CPU使用率：%i%%" % cpu_percent
      print(cpu_info)
      # return cpu_info
      # 内存信息
      virtual_memory = psutil.virtual_memory()
      used_memory = virtual_memory.used / 1024 / 1024 / 1024
      free_memory = virtual_memory.free / 1024 / 1024 / 1024
      memory_percent = virtual_memory.percent
      memory_info = "内存使用：%0.2fG，使用率%0.1f%%，剩余内存：%0.2fG" % (used_memory, memory_percent, free_memory)
      print(memory_info)
      # return memory_info
      now = time.asctime()
      if(flag == 0):
          sql = "INSERT INTO status(ip, \
           disk_percent, disk_freesize, CPU_percent, memory_used,memory_free,memory_percent,mytime) \
           VALUES ('%s', '%s', '%s', '%s', '%s','%s','%s','%s')" % \
          ('106.13.70.159', str(disk_c_info.percent) + "%", str(free_c_disk_size) + "G", str(cpu_percent) + "%",str(used_memory)[:3] + "G",str(free_memory)[:3] + "G",str(memory_percent) + "%",now)
          flag = 1
      else:
          used_memory_float = str(used_memory)[:3] + 'G'
          free_memory_folat = str(free_memory)[:3] + 'G'
          disk_c_info_percent_str = str(disk_c_info.percent) + '%'
          free_c_disk_size_str = str(free_c_disk_size) + 'G'
          cpu_percent_str = str(cpu_percent) + '%'
          memory_percent_str = str(memory_percent) + '%'
  
          sql = "update status set disk_percent = '%s', disk_freesize = '%s', \
          CPU_percent = '%s', memory_used = '%s' , memory_free = '%s' ,\
          memory_percent = '%s' , mytime = '%s' where ip = '106.13.70.159'" % \
           (disk_c_info_percent_str,free_c_disk_size_str,cpu_percent_str,used_memory_float,free_memory_folat,memory_percent_str,now)
          flag = 2
      try:
         # 执行sql语句
         cur.execute(sql)
         # 执行sql语句
         conn.commit()
         if(flag==1):
          print("insert ok")
         else:
          print("update ok")
      except Exception as e:
         # 发生错误时回滚
         conn.rollback()
         print("failed")
         print(e)
      time.sleep(60)
  # 关闭数据库连接
  conn.close()

• sql中update也可以

  sql = "update table set ss = '%s'where id = '1'"% disk